Clinical Oncology
Volume 22, Issue 5 , Pages 334-346 , June 2010

Is There a Standard of Care for the Radical Management of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Involving the Apical Chest Wall (Pancoast Tumours)?

  • C. Peedell

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
    • Corresponding Author InformationAuthor for correspondence: C. Peedell, Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, James Cook University Hospital, Marton Road, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK. Tel: +44-1845-565-000; Fax: +44-1642-854-943.
    • ,
  • J. Dunning

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
    • ,
  • A. Bapusamy

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK

Received 11 November 2009 ,Revised 14 February 2010 ,Accepted 4 March 2010.

References 

  1. Detterbeck FC, Jones DR, Rosenman JG. Pancoast tumors. In:  Detterbeck FC,  Rivera MP,  Socinski MA,  Rosenman JG editor. Diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer: an evidence-based guide for the practicing clinician. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2001;p. 233–243
  2. Vallieres E, Karmy-Jones R, Mulligan MS, Wood DE. Pancoast tumors. Curr Prob Surg. 2001;38(5):306–376
  3. Pitz CCM, de la Riveiere AB, van Swieten HA, Duurkens VAM, Lammers J, van den Bosch JMM. Surgical treatment of Pancoast tumours. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2004;26:202–208
  4. Rusch VW, Giroux DJ, Kraut MJ, et al. Induction chemoradiation and surgical resection for superior sulcus non-small cell lung carcinomas: long term results of Southwest Oncology Group trial 9416 (Intergroup trial 0160). J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(3):313–318
  5. Kunitoh H, Kato H, Tsuboi M, et al. Phase II trial of preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by surgical resection in patients With superior sulcus non-small-cell lung cancers: report of Japan clinical oncology group trial 9806. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(4):644–649
  6. Shen KR, Meyers BF, Larner JM, Jones DR. Special treatment issues in lung cancer. ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. 2nd ed. Chest. 2007;312:290S–305S
  7. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology . Non-small cell lung cancer. Available at: http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/f_guidelines.asp
  8. Tamura M, Hoda MA, Klepetko W. Current treatment paradigms of superior sulcus tumours. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2009;36:747–753
  9. Rusch V. Management of Pancoast tumours. Lancet Oncol. 2006;7:997–1005
  10. Romanes GJ. In: 14th ed.. Cunningham's manual of practical anatomy. vol. 2:Oxford University Press; 1984;p. 27
  11. Pancoast H. Importance if careful roentgen-ray investigations of apical chest tumours. J Am Med Assoc. 1924;83:1407
  12. Spencer H. Pathology of the lung. vol. 2. Oxford: Pergamon; 1968;
  13. Netter F. Respiratory system. vol. 7. New York: CIBA Foundation; 1979;
  14. Teixeira JP. Concerning the Pancoast tumor: what is the superior pulmonary sulcus?. Ann Thorac Surg. 1983;35:577–578
  15. Kappers I, Belderbos JSA, Burgers N, van Zandwijk N, Groen HJM, Klomp HM. Non-small cell lung carcinoma of the superior sulcus: favourable outcomes of combined modality treatment in carefully selected patients. Lung Cancer. 2008;59:385–390
  16. Arcasoy SM, Jett JR. Superior pulmonary sulcus tumors and Pancoast's syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:1370–1376
  17. Detterbeck FC. Changes in the treatment of Pancoast tumours. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003;75:1990–1997
  18. NICE guidelines . The diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. National Collaborating Centre for Acute Care; 2005;Available at: http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/cg024fullguideline.pdf
  19. In:  Goldstraw P editors. International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer. Staging handbook in thoracic oncology. Florida: Orange Park; 2009;
  20. Kanner RM, Martini N, Foley KM. Incidence of pain and other clinical manifestations of superior pulmonary sulcus (Pancoast) tumors. In:  Bonica JJ,  Ventafridda V,  Pagni CA editor. Management of superior pulmonary sulcus syndrome (Pancoast syndrome). Advances in pain research and therapy. vol. 4:New York: Raven Press; 1982;p. 27–39
  21. Paulson DL, Weed TE, Rian RL. Cervical approach for percutaneous needle biopsy of Pancoast tumors. Ann Thorac Surg. 1985;39:586
  22. Yang P-C, Lee L-N, Luh K-T, et al. Ultrasonography of Pancoast tumor. Chest. 1988;94:124
  23. Maxfield RA, Aranda CP. The role of fiberoptic bronchoscopy and transbronchial biopsy in the diagnosis of Pancoast's tumor. NY State J Med. 1987;87:326
  24. Kent MS, Bilsky MH, Rusch VW. Resection of superior sulcus tumors (posterior approach). Thorac Surg Clin. 2004;14:217–228
  25. Macchiarini P. Resection of superior sulcus carcinomas (anterior approach). Thorac Surg Clin. 2004;14:229–240
  26. Shaw RR, Paulson DL, Kee JL. Treatment of the superior sulcus tumour by irradiation followed by resection. Ann Surg. 1961;154:29–40
  27. Dartevelle P, Chapelier AR, Macchiarini P, et al. Anterior transcervical-thoracic approach for radical resection of lung tumors invading the thoracic outlet. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1993;105:1025–1034
  28. Ginsberg RJ, Martini N, Zaman M, et al. Influence of surgical resection and brachytherapy in the management of superior sulcus tumour. Ann Thorac Surg. 1994;57:1440–1445
  29. Hilaris BS, Martini N, Wong GY, Nori D. Treatment of superior sulcus tumour (Pancoast tumour). Surg Clin North Am. 1987;67:965–977
  30. Anderson TM, Moy PM, Holmes EC. Factors affecting survival in superior sulcus tumours. J Clin Oncol. 1986;4:1598–1603
  31. Brunelli A, Charloux A, Boliger CT, et al. on behalf of the European Respiratory Society, European Society of Thoracic Surgeons Joint Task Force on Fitness for Radical Treatment. The European Respiratory Society and European Society of Thoracic Surgeons clinical guidelines for evaluating fitness for radical treatment (surgery and chemoradiotherapy) in patients with lung cancer. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2009;36:181–184
  32. Bruzzi JF, Komaki R, Walsh GL, et al. Imaging of non-small cell lung cancer of the superior sulcus. Part 2: initial staging and assessment of resectability and therapeutic response. Radiographics. 2008;28(2):561–572
  33. The Royal College of Radiologists. Recommendations for cross-sectional imaging in cancer management: Computed Tomography – CT, Magnetic Resonance Imaging – MRI, Positron Emission Tomography – PET CT. Issue 2, August 2006. Available from: http://www.rcr.ac.uk/docs/oncology/pdf/Cross_Sectional_Imaging_12.pdf.
  34. Bruzzi JF, Komaki R, Walsh GL, et al. Imaging of non-small cell lung cancer of the superior sulcus. Part 1: anatomy, clinical manifestations, and management. Radiographics. 2008;28(2):551–560
  35. Heelan RT, Demas BE, Caravelli JF, et al. Superior sulcus tumours: CT and MR imaging. Radiology. 1989;170(3I):637–641
  36. Laissy JP, Soyer P, Sekkal SR, et al. Assessment of vascular involvement with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in Pancoast syndrome. Magn Reson Imaging. 1995;13(4):523–530
  37. Attar S, Miller JE, Satterfield J, et al. Pancoast's tumour: irradiation or surgery?. Ann Thorac Surg. 1979;28:578–586
  38. Van Houtte P, MacLennan I, Poulter C, Rubin P. External radiation in the management of superior sulcus tumour. Cancer. 1984;54:223–227
  39. Ahmad K, Fayos JV, Kirsh MM. Apical lung carcinoma. Cancer. 1984;54:913–917
  40. Komaki R, Roh J, Cox JD, et al. Superior sulcus tumors: results of irradiation of 36 patients. Cancer. 1981;48:1563–1568
  41. Millar J, Ball D, Worotniuk V, et al. Radiation treatment of superior sulcus lung carcinoma. Australas Radiol. 1996;40:55–60
  42. Chardack WM, Maccallum JD. Pancoast tumor; five-year survival without recurrence or metastases following radical resection and postoperative irradiation. J Thorac Surg. 1956;31(5):535–542
  43. Paulson DL. Carcinomas in the superior pulmonary sulcus. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1975;70:1095–1104
  44. Rusch VW, Parekh KR, Leon L, et al. Factors determining outcome after surgical resection of T3 and T4 lung cancers of the superior sulcus. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000;119:1147–1153
  45. Dartevelle PG. Herbert Sloan Lecture. Extended operations for the treatment of lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg. 1997;63(1):12–19
  46. Fadel E, Missenard G, Chapelier A, et al. En bloc resection of non-small cell lung cancer invading the thoracic inlet and intervertebral foramina. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2002;123(4):676–685
  47. Grunenwald D, Mazel C, Girard P, et al. Radical en bloc resection for lung cancer invading the spine. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2002;123:271–279
  48. Bilsky MH, Vitas TW, Boland PJ, Bains MS, Rajaraman V, Rusch VW. Surgical treatment of superior sulcus tumors with spinal and brachial plexus involvement. J Neurosurg. 2002;97(3):301–309
  49. York JE, Walsh GL, Lang FF, et al. Combined chest wall resection with vertebrectomy and spinal reconstruction for the treatment of Pancoast tumors. J Neurosurg. 1999;91(1):74–80
  50. Bolton WD, Rice DC, Goodyear A, et al. Superior sulcus tumours with vertebral body involvement: a multimodality approach. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2009;137(6):1379–1387
  51. Albain KS, Rusch VW, Crowley JJ, et al. Concurrent cisplatin/etoposide plus chest radiotherapy followed by surgery for stages IIIA (N2) and IIIB non-small-cell lung cancer: mature results of Southwest Oncology Group phase II study 8805. J Clin Oncol. 1995;13:1880–1892
  52. Martinez-Monge R, Herreros J, Aristu JJ, et al. Combined treatment in superior sulcus tumors. Am J Clin Oncol. 1994;17:317–322
  53. Kwong KF, Edelman MJ, Suntharalingam M, et al. High-dose radiotherapy in trimodality treatment of Pancoast tumors results in high pathologic complete response rates and excellent long-term survival. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005;129(6):1250–1257
  54. Marra A, Eberhardt W, Poettgen C, et al. Induction chemotherapy, concurrent chemoradiation and surgery for Pancoast tumor. Eur Respir J. 2007;29:117–127
  55. Pourel N, Santelmo N, Naafa N, et al. Concurrent cisplatin/etoposide plus 3D-conformal radiotherapy followed by surgery for stage B (superior sulcus T3N0)/non-small cell lung cancer yields a high rate of pathological complete response. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2008;33(5):829–836
  56. Fischer F, Darling G, Pierre AF, et al. Induction chemoradiation therapy followed by surgical resection for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) invading the thoracic inlet. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2008;33:1129–1134
  57. Jassem J. The role of radiotherapy in lung cancer: where is the evidence?. Radiother Oncol. 2007;83:203–213
  58. Wright CD, Menard MT, Wain JC, et al. Induction chemoradiation compared with induction radiation for lung cancer involving the superior sulcus. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002;73:1541–1544
  59. Paulson DL. The superior sulcus lesion. In:  Delarue N,  Eschapasse H editor. International trends in general thoracic surgery. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1985;p. 121–131
  60. Rusch VW, Parekh KR, Leon L, et al. Factors determining outcome after surgical resection of T3 and T4 lung cancers of the superior sulcus. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000;119:1147–1153
  61. Kraut MJ, Moon J, Thomas CR Jr., et al. Docetaxel is not feasible as consolidation therapy following cisplatin/etoposide/concurrent radiotherapy (RT) followed by surgical resection for Pancoast tumors: preliminary results of SWOG 0220. In: Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Lung Cancer, IASLC, San Francisco, August, 2009.
  62. Komaki R, Mountain CF, Holbert JM, et al. Superior sulcus tumors: treatment selection and results for 85 patients without metastasis (M0) at presentation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1990;19(1):31–36
  63. Dartevelle P, Macchiarini P. Surgical management of superior sulcus tumors. Oncologist. 1994;5:398–407
  64. Komaki R, Allen P, Roth J, et al. Optimal treatment for superior sulcus tumors (SST): surgery first followed by adjunct RT/ChT improved survival for patients with resectable SST. Proceedings of IASLC. Lung Cancer. 2005;49(Suppl. 2):S79
  65. Attar S, Krasna MJ, Sonett JR, et al. Superior sulcus (Pancoast) tumor: experience with 105 patients. Ann Thorac Surg. 1998;66:193–198
  66. Albain KS, Swann RS, Rusch VW, et al. Radiotherapy plus chemotherapy with or without surgical resection for stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase III randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009;374(9687):379–386
  67. Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Collaborative Group. Chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD002139
  68. Fowler JF, Bentzen SM, Bond SJ, et al. Clinical radiation doses for spinal cord: the 1998 international questionnaire. Radiother Oncol. 2000;55(3):295–300
  69. van der Schueren E, van den Bogaert W, van der Kogel AJ. Tolerance of the central nervous system (CNS): biological basis, clinical application and legal implications. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1988;15(Suppl. 1):112
  70. Abbatucci JS, Delozier T, Quint R, Roussel A, Brune D. Radiation myelopathy of the cervical spinal cord: time, dose and volume factors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1978;4:239–248
  71. Schultheiss TE. The radiation dose-response of the human spinal cord. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008;71(5):1455–1459
  72. Fujita S, Katakami N, Takahashi Y, et al. Postoperative complications after induction chemoradiotherapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2006;29(6):896–901
  73. Socinski MA, Rosenman JG, Halle J, et al. Dose-escalating conformal thoracic radiation therapy with induction and concurrent carboplatin/paclitaxel in unresectable stage IIIA/B non-small cell lung carcinoma: a modified phase I/II trial. Cancer. 2001;92(5):1213–1223
  74. Komaki R, Derus SB, Perez-Tamayo C, Byhardt RW, Hartz A, Cox JD. Brain metastasis in patients with superior sulcus tumors. Cancer. 1987;59(9):1649–1653
  75. Shah H, Anker CJ, Bogart J, Graziano S, Shah CM. Brain: the common site of relapse in patients with Pancoast or superior sulcus tumors. J Thorac Oncol. 2006;1(9):1020–1022
  76. Mok TS, Wu YL, Thongprasert S, et al. Gefitinib or carboplatin–paclitaxel in pulmonary adenocarcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(10):947–957

PII: S0936-6555(10)00082-8

doi: 10.1016/j.clon.2010.03.001

Clinical Oncology
Volume 22, Issue 5 , Pages 334-346 , June 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution